International style is characterized by the use of materials such as concrete, glass, iron, and steel. It is focused on functionality instead of decorative details. But, it still shows artistic expression through the use of principles, elements, scale, and materials. As the website suggests, Gropius shows International style the best, out of the other designers. In the Gropius house, he uses basic materials of International style which were concrete and steel. Again, in the Bauhaus, he uses concrete and glass. Prairie style is demonstrated by Wright through the use of materials like wood which aren't seen as often in other modern designs. Through the use of wood, horizontal shapes, and neutral colors, he tries to connect viewers to nature. Every modern designer may have a different idea that they want to convey. But, just because their style is different from others, doesn't mean that it's not considered modern. All of these designers listed on the website have the common purpose of creating a building/object that is primarily functional.


Ultra Modern Furniture Collection by Bruehl

This picture is an example of a modern object because it shows simple shapes and has a simple, functional, design.


http://www.trendir.com/ultra-modern-furniture-by-bruehl-mosspink-2009-furniture-collection/

I don't think there was a national style of the 19th century. I think that there were many different styles being used throughout the 19th century and to say that one was dominant over all of the others is hard because of the fact that there were so many different styles being used. First was the neoclassical which included Greek revival, rationalist, idealist, and federalist. With the Declaration of Independence being signed in 1776, there was a need to show America's Independence through the use of Federal Architecture. This architecture could be characterized as decorative but sophisticated.

The 19th century was based off of revivalism. Mainly Greek and Roman. Specific styles that were used the most in the 19th century were the Beaux-Arts Style and the Greek Revival. Another style that was used a lot was Gothic Revival. This was used for churches, universities, cemeteries, and even residential. The technological advances of the 19th century were shown through the architecture. The mid to late 19th-century became notable for the introduction of skyscrapers. The first "skyscraper was built in New York. The first skyscraper made out of steel was built in Chicago. This paved the way for taller and taller buildings to be made. 

Below is a 21st Century building. It was made in Rome, Italy designed by Richard Meier. 

http://www.archdaily.com/20105/church-of-2000-richard-meier

Travel Image

New York City is a large and well-known urban area that is a unique city. One reason for this is because of the sizes of the buildings, many of them are large. This image of Times Square in New York City represents scale for multiple reasons. One reason is the Times Square sign itself. It is the largest text you see compared to the others and it is also purple and goes down the building. This draws emphasis to it. The sign is simple, but with all of the other lights and buildings, it doesn’t need to be dramatic to make a point. The other colorful, big, lit up signs draw emphasis to the ads that are being displayed. The signs are huge and overwhelming when you stand next to them. The lines of the buildings along with the shapes they make seem to blend into the background in Times Square. 

Map Comparison

The map above shows a map of the United States. It lists many developed cities on it. You can see that it has Lexington along with numbers that are spaced out. These numbers show how long it takes to get to that place. For example, it takes 2 hours to get to St. Louis from Lexington. You could speculate that this map shows a connection between Lexington and the rest of each states developed cities. It shows that it is important to recognize other cities. It also encourages you travel to other cities because of the markers that show the hours it takes to get there. The map of Lexington itself is very complex and confusing. It has many different lines and shapes which makes it hard to tell what things are. The map in comparison to the rest of the space makes the space seem large. The open space is small compared to the city. 

Road Trip comparison

Above you will see my photo that I took from King Library. Below is a picture of the same space in a clearer view. You can see there are many cars parked in a line.  The road was probably made large so that cars could park there. The road could have been made this size for large gatherings of people. Back in the 1800’s slaves were traded in this area. In front of the cars you can see people standing around. These people are very small compared to the large buildings. You can also see a large statue near the middle of this area. Having a statue of this size indicates importance. Designers use big things (materials, buildings, etc.) to show importance or to draw attention to it. The buildings surrounding this area were probably used as offices, restaurants, or stores. You could also assume that the road was this large so that the area wasn’t crowded with people when they went into the buildings.

Villa Caldogno is located in the Province of Vicenza in Italy.

BP7

Palladio was an important designer worldwide. He designed buildings inside and out that were the best of the renaissance period. He wrote one of the earliest books on architecture that can still be used today. Palladio wrote about his discoveries of the basic rules of architecture by studying ancient roman architecture. He also made up some of his own rules and incorporated them into his work. Palladio had his own "style." After he passed away, architects incorporated his style into their own work. People all around the world used his ideas which became known as Palladianism.

bp6

Expressing faith through design can be done through a few different ways. One way would be through the use of light. Letting light in to a room through an area like the ceiling would show the sky. Universally heaven is above us so by having windows facing the sky, is having windows that are pointing to heaven. Symbolism is used to show one's faith, for example, the holy cross. Crosses are used in architecture in many ways. Even ways that one would normally not think about. For example, the layout of a church may be in the shape of a cross. Below, you will see this example.

Recreating the small picture into a bigger picture was difficult. It was hard because the picture was small and hard to see. You had to look very carefully at all of the details. You also had to look back and forth between the picture and your drawing. The picture that I was given was somewhat blurry so I did my best to re-create what I saw.

The principles and elements of design can be used to describe just about anything around us. They could be found in man-made objects or from nature. Principles and elements are the basis for all design and art. When you analyze design, you look at the key points of the design. In most designs, such as interior design, you will find line, form, color, light, and harmony. Even some of the earliest buildings showcase principles and elements such as The Great Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. You can see that line and form are most prominent. There is emphasis on the face as well as shapes and texture. The shape of the triangular pyramids are symmetrical. In this pyramid you can see proportion between the statue and the pyramids.  

Understanding the principles and elements in design is crucial to analyze art and design. All designers use elements and principles. You can describe any design concept, art piece, simple drawing, etc., using elements and principles. Good designers utilize different elements together to form a product.

             

You can see that in this modern design, the designer combined different principles. Of course this room has many elements like line, form, shape, and contrast. All of the objects that are used come together as a whole. Through the use of similar colors and the way the objects are placed, unity occurs in this room. This room is harmonious because of the objects that are used. The objects complement each other as well as the colors of the objects.  

Xiang vs Acropolis

XiangYang Palace is symmetrical, Acropolis is asymmetrical. Acropolis is characterized by lines which make groups. Both of them take up a large area of space.

BP 4 Modernism

Modernism in interior design involves simple-looking, clutter free spaces.  You can clearly see this room has no clutter or extra items. It has a simple flower decoration on the table. You can see that this room is very neutral in color and has clean lines. The shapes are very basic and so is the whole entire room. There aren't any extra details anywhere in this room. The couch is very sleek and clean-looking. Modernism is focused on functionality and this room is the perfect example of that.

Looking at the Salisbury Cathedral from an over head point of view, you can see that it looks as if it is two crosses conjoined together. On the right you can see open area in the form of a square with a tree on the inside. From an over head point of view it looks more advanced than the Cologne cathedral, which is in the shape of a single cross. The Cologne's flying buttress's are also in the shape of a cross. The front of the Cologne is very balanced and symmetrical. The Salisbury is not symmetrical because it has other parts to it that are asymmetrical.

On the second comparison pictures you see the windows of both of the cathedrals. You can see right away that the Cologne's windows are bigger and there is more of them. They both have 3 rows of windows. Windows provide light into the room. Light is important because it makes you more alert and it puts off a better mood than a dark room would. If you look at the ceiling of the cathedrals, you can see that they both form a very similar shape. The Salisbury has a patterned ceiling, while the Cologne has a plain ceiling.

BP2 : circles groups & stacks

The ancient Rome Colosseum was the first picture I chose and this is an example of stacks. It has 3 prominent levels that are stacked on top of each other and was built in 80 BC. You can see it is also and example of a circle but the first thing you notice is the stacks. The second picture is The mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Ancient Egypt.  This is an example of groups because of the statues of people that are standing holding up the building, and the groups of beams too. This prehistoric New Grange is a great example of circle. The entire building is in the shape of a circle.  

Links:


http://design.uky.edu/spacesandplaces/id-161-162-home/ancient/ancient-egypt-2/mortuary-temple-of-queen-hatshepsut/
http://design.uky.edu/spacesandplaces/id-161-162-home/ancient/ancient-rome-2/pont-du-gard/

http://design.uky.edu/spacesandplaces/id-161-162-home/ancient/prehistoric-2/newgrange/